jueves, 30 de julio de 2015

This artist reimagined what the hunks of Disney would look like in ‘real life’

Australian visual artist and Disney fan, Jirka Väätäinen recently released this incredible collection of "real life" Disney Princes/hunks. The artists garnered a lot of attention early this year with the visually similar Disney princesses collection, also a huge win.
                     The Beast/Prince from Beauty and the Beast


                                             Aladdin


                                  Prince Eric from The Little Mermaid
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¿Por qué los Argentinos tienen la nariz grande?

Este post es la explicación científica de por qué los Argentinos tienen la nariz grande. 


Argentina y Uruguay son los países de Iberoamerica con mayor inmigración europea, mientras que el resto de los países tienen un gran porcentage de tribus nativas y persoans de raza negra traidas por las políticas esclavistas. 
Los nativo americanos son descendientes de tribus asiáticas clasificadas como razas Mongoloides (se caracterizan por sus ojos achinados). ¿No han visto, por ej,, que los peruanos tienen cierta similitud con los japoneses? Los mongoloides tienen la nariz pequeña o ancha pero aplanada. 
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Second-Gen Residents More Inclined to Risky, Illegal Behavior Than New Immigrants, Study Shows

Many police in Many police in Chicago are also minority, but raising that total to match the demographics of the city has failed so far and lack of trust remains high/Photo by Natalie Krebs

t the age of 12, Q.R. was standing in the principal’s office in nothing but his underwear.
With a police officer in the room, the principal found four to five grams of marijuana, drug paraphernalia and a scale in Q.R.’s possession. Q.R. was brought outside the office, handcuffed in front of classmates and arrested for possession and attempt to distribute.
Although he was not sentenced to a juvenile detention center, he was put on probation from school and mandated to do community service hours.
Born in Rogers Park, a Far North Side Chicago neighborhood, Q.R., whose identity was verified by The Chicago Bureau but is being kept confidential due to his past involvement with drugs, is the son of a first-generation immigrant – his father is from Guatemala. At the age of three, after his parents got divorced and his father moved back to Guatemala, he moved with his mother and siblings to DeKalb, Illinois.
Q.R.’s experience highlights some challenges associated with assimilation and acculturation that second generation immigrants face across the country, as a recent study published in the Journal of Youth and Adolescence shows.
The study by Bianca Bersani, Thomas Loughran and Alex Piquero, titled “Comparing Patterns and Predictors of Immigrant Offending Among a Sample of Adjudicated Youth,” concluded that second generation immigrants are not only more likely to commit crime than first generation immigrants, but also adopt “counterproductive behaviors that are common to American life” such as smoking, drinking and high-calorie diets.
“Native-born Americans commit crime just as much as immigrants commit crime,” Piquero said in an interview with The Chicago Bureau. “In fact, the crime problem in America is not an immigration problem or an immigrant problem. The crime problem in America is an American problem and that’s what our analyses really show.”
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miércoles, 29 de julio de 2015

Acerca del "Asian fetish": La historia del mestizaje entre Blancos y Amarillas


Hasta la llegada de la Era de los Descubrimientos, que arrancaría en el siglo XV con las aventuras marineras de portugueses y españoles, no creo que sea exageración decir que si un visitante extraterrestre llegase a nuestro planeta llegaría a la conclusión de que la población humana más extendida, más exitosa, era la que generalmente se llama asiática o mongoloide, admitiendo la imprecisión del término. No sólo era la más abundante en el propio continente asiático sino que además estaba extendida por toda América (la población amerindia precolombina proviene de pueblos asiáticos que cruzaron el estrecho de Bering entre 17000 y 13000 años a.C.) y buena parte de Oceanía. 

Sin embargo, si quinientos años después regresase nuestro visitante interplanetario vería trastocada la situación demográfica que había dejado atrás en su primera visita. Vería cómo los pueblos europeos se habrían extendido por territorios antes impensables, y habitualmente a costa de los pueblos de origen asiático. Norteamérica y Siberia son los ejemplos más palmarios.



El imperio ruso había ocupado el Asia septentrional desde el siglo XVII, llegando en 1860 a orillas del mar del Japón, donde fundaron Vladivostok 

Buena parte de los acontecimientos de índole geopolítica de las últimas décadas están relacionados no ya meramente con los roces entre ambos grandes bloques sino también por la tendencia del bloque de origen asiático a recuperar una parte al menos del territorio perdido. 
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Hungary’s hypocritical migration policy

Demonstration against the "National Consultation" the government has launched about the topic on migration. Photo: Gabriella Csoszó. All rights reserved.

"We’d like to retain Hungary as Hungary", said Victor Orbán in January 2015. Overt and hidden xenophobia are significant in his country. How a multicultural and multi-ethnic society became a mono-ethnic and closed one.

Hungary had a multicultural society for a millennium. The Hungarian “migrants” who came from beyond the Urals in the ninth century mingled with the already settled population. In 1015, Hungary’s first Christian King, Stephen I, in instructions to his son reminded him of the importance of immigration:
"Guests and immigrants are so useful that they deserve to be mentioned in the sixth place in these Instructions. Even the Roman Empire … became famous because of the many noble and wise people who came from different parts of the world…. Because, as they come from different regions and provinces, they bring different languages and traditions, different examples and armaments, and all these decorate your country, increase your court’s splendour, and prevent the haughtiness of foreigners. Because a country that has one language, one tradition, is weak and fallible. Therefore, I order you, my son, to be benevolent and to value those who come into your country, so that they should want to live in your country rather than somewhere else."
Thereafter, throughout history, the provinces which belonged to the Hungarian Crown incorporated the most varied ethnic groups, many of whom arrived at the king’s invitation or simply migrated into the territory, such as Serbs escaping the expanding Ottoman Empire.
According to a census in the late eighteenth century, out of Hungary’s then 9.3 million inhabitants, 1.5 million were Romanian, 1.25 million were Slovak, 1.1 million were German, 0.8 million were Croatian, 0.6 million were Serbian, and 0.3 million were Ukrainian and Ruthenian, not to mention smaller groups of Armenians, Greeks and others. The 3.5 million Hungarians constituted 37% of Hungary’s population.
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martes, 28 de julio de 2015

Man started wearing clothes 170,000 years ago, according to study of LICE


Research into the DNA of lice has found man started wearing clothes about 170,000 years ago - 100,000 years before he migrated to colder climates



an started wearing clothes 170,000 years ago enabling him to successfully migrate out of Africa, according to a new study following the evolution of lice.
Dr David Reed, a mammalogist at the University of Florida, studies lice in modern humans to better understand human evolution and migration patterns. 

His research shows modern humans started wearing clothes about 70,000 years before migrating into colder climates and higher latitudes, which began about 100,000 years ago. 
Pinpointing this date would have been virtually impossible to determine using archaeological data because early clothing would not survive in archaeological sites.

Instead, Dr Reed's five-year study used DNA sequencing to calculate when clothing lice first began to diverge genetically from human head lice.
He said: 'We wanted to find another method for pinpointing when humans might have first started wearing clothing.
'Because they are so well adapted to clothing, we know that body lice or clothing lice almost certainly didn't exist until clothing came about in humans.'

The study also shows humans started wearing clothes well after they lost body hair, which genetic skin-colouration research pinpoints at about one million years ago,.
Man therefore spent a considerable amount of time without body hair and without clothing, Dr Reed said.
'It's interesting to think humans were able to survive in Africa for hundreds of thousands of years without clothing and without body hair, and that it wasn't until they had clothing that modern humans were then moving out of Africa into other parts of the world.'
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La única salida

por Manu Rodríguez 
desde Europa




El triste, el penoso espectáculo de la Europa actual, inundada dealiens, y a cuyos ciudadanos se les impide desembarazarse o liberarse de estos elementos extraños.
En virtud de normativas supra-nacionales (morales, políticas, económicas, jurídicas) que rigen para todos los Estados, las naciones están obligadas a ser democráticas, abiertas, y plurales. Es el Nuevo Orden Mundial que se instaura tras la II Guerra Mundial. El que acaba con la soberanía y la independencia de pueblos y naciones.

La construcción de la torre de Babel aquí, en nuestro hogar milenario. La desnaturalización de nuestro continente. El asesinato premeditado de la ancestral Europa. La extinción o desaparición de los pueblos blancos.
La estrategia ideológica del enemigo. La difusión, e imposición, de estos ideales universalistas (transnacionales, transétnicos, transculturales) que debilitan la defensa de lo propio, de la propia vida o existencia; que desarman. La imposición de la heteronimia—que nos deja atados de pies y manos.

El otro frente del enemigo. La crítica. Sancionar moralmente el racismo anti-blanco, la caza del blanco, la muerte del blanco. Éste es, básicamente, el mensaje subyacente en el discurso crítico del enemigo; en la propaganda del enemigo.
Que los blancos somos un pueblo malo, una mala raza (el cáncer de la historia humana, en palabras de Susan Sontag) que ha hecho mucho mal a la gente, y que merecemos ser eliminados—por nuestra propia mano o por la de otro. Ésta es la moraleja de toda esta historia. (Llevan siglos acusando de lo propio al otro; señalando al otro y acusándolo del propio mal—sobreviviendo con malas artes. La rama de Caín.)
La lucha nuestra es compleja. A los millones de intrusos, de invasores, que inundan nuestros pueblos y ciudades, se le añade la instigación, la sedición que nos viene del enemigo (la guerra de propaganda).
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The Health Status And Risk Behaviors Of Adolescents In Immigrant Families


Background

The process of immigrant assimilation and adaptation to American culture and the extent to which immigrant youth achieve equally with children from nonimmigrant families has occupied much of the recent research and political discourse over immigration (Portes, 1996; Rumbaut, 1995). The standard model of immigrant progress is conceptualized as an intergenerational process (Gordon, 1964; Lieberson, 1980). The first generation of immigrants, those who were not born in the United States, are rarely expected to achieve socioeconomic parity with the native population. Learning a new language, adjusting to a different educational system, and experiencing native prejudice and hostility toward those with a foreign accent and culture are major obstacles for immigrants.
The second generation, U.S.-born children of immigrants, are socialized in American schools and neighborhoods, receive a mainstream education, and obtain the skills needed to participate in the American occupational structure. Their progress is evidenced by the narrowing of the gap in various educational and socioeconomic outcomes between the second generation and the native population (Hirschman, 1996). The third generation of immigrants, native-born children with native-born parents but immigrant grandparents, are thought to differ little from the fourth or higher generations because any ethnic influence of grandparents is thought to be relatively minor in a home in which parents do not speak a foreign language and were educated and socialized in American schools and neighborhoods.
This ''straight-line" model of immigrant adaptation or "Americanization" can also be applied to an intragenerational process of assimilation. The classical hypothesis argues that longer residence in the United States leads to socioeconomic progress and the narrowing of differentials with the native-born population. There is evidence of this process in the reduction of income differentials (Jasso and Rosenzweig, 1990). More specific to immigrant youth, the age at which children arrive in the United States may affect their process of adaptation. Children who arrive in their preschool years can more easily adapt to the American educational system, learn the English language, and be less stigmatized without a noticeable accent than children who arrive in this country during their adolescence.
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Los Mulatos


os negros y mulatos fueron grupos sociales que constituyeron el mosaico pluricultural de la Nueva España. Fueron traídos a América como esclavos. Algunos fueron arrancados de sus tierras de origen en África: “bozales”. Otros llevaban años viviendo en Europa: “ladinos”. Eran más apreciados que los indígenas por su costo económico.

Su fortaleza en los trabajos pesados mejoraba mucho su valor monetario. Laboraron principalmente en las minas y en los ingenios azucareros. Los esclavos negros y sus descendientes (los mulatos) tenían características físicas que los hacían resistentes al trabajo de sol a sol.

A los esclavos negros se les llegó a clasificar por su forma de proceder: “cafres” por su torpeza y “cimarrones” por fugitivos.
El empleo de los negros como esclavos no se redujo a lasminas o a la zafra. Muchos trabajaron como sastres o cocineros (de avanzada edad). Otros más en el servicio doméstico y a los niños se les llegó a comprar como “mascotas” de los niños blancos.
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viernes, 24 de julio de 2015

La identidad transicional del inmigrante

El migrante trata de ser lo que es tratando de ser otro, pero sin llegar a ser completamente otro.
Claudio Chipana

Las identidades no permanecen incambiadas, son transicionales y con mayor razón la identidad del migrante.
Afirmar la identidad no es sólo decir lo que uno es, muchas veces ello supone – y con mayor razón en el caso del migrante – ir contra la corriente, contra el estereotipo y las actitudes discriminantes. A menudo las minorías migrantes deben resistir el peso de la asimilación y una aculturación impuesta.
El inmigrante es sobre todo una fuerza laboral y por ende contribuye al país recipiente aunque lo haga en condiciones desfavorables.  Contra la propaganda xenofóbica el inmigrante no es una amenaza sino un factor positivo para la economía de la nación de acogida.
Contribuye adaptándose y se adapta contribuyendo. De modo simultáneo el inmigrante cambia a la sociedad y la sociedad lo cambia a él.
Así ocurre con los millones de latinoamericanos que han partido de sus lugares de origen en busca de un mejor futuro, hacia algo que signifique el comienzo de una nueva vida.
Los latinoamericanos han formado numerosas comunidades allí donde han emigrado. Como todo inmigrante el latino debe integrarse pero a la vez que debe defender su identidad.

Los latinoamericanos salieron en masa en las últimas décadas hacia Europa, Los EEUU y otros países vecinos en América latina primariamente debido a la crisis económica provocada por las políticas neoliberales de fines de los 80s y en los 90s. En las décadas precedentes mucho salieron huyendo de las dictaduras.
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República Dominicana: país modelo de hibridación étnica


El mundo evoluciona hacia el mestizaje… Somos el esbozo del nuevo rostro de la humanidad.
Patrick Chamoiseau, martiniqueño, Premio Goncourt
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Si se rompe un jarrón, el amor con que se unen los trozos es mucho más fuerte que el que daba por sentada su simetría cuando estaba entero. Esta reunión es el afán de las Antillas.
Derek Walcott, caribeño nacido en Santa Lucía y Premio Nobel de Literatura 1992
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La hibridación cultural puede ser y es más rica que
algunos de los aspectos originarios que la conforman
.
Marcio Veloz Maggiolo: 'La racialidad dominicana' 



---

A modo de respuesta a Pedro Pérez Cabral y su “Comunidad mulata”, y a Pedro L. San Miguel y su “Visiones del mestizaje en las Antillas hispanoparlantes”. *
.


Por Pedro Samuel Rodríguez-Reyes
.

¿Cuál es la importancia del tema étnico y del mestizaje en La República Dominicana?

Entendemos que su importancia reside, entre otros aspectos, en que es difícil comprender la desigualdad económica y social de esta sociedad sino a través del fenómeno originado a partir del 'encuentro y cruce de razas' ocurrido desde el inicio de la conformación de este pueblo. Desde los mismos orígenes del pueblo dominicano, la pertenencia a una determinada etnia vinculó a una determinada posición económica y social.

El resultado de los procesos iniciados en este territorio hace cinco siglos a partir de la fusión biológica de colonizadores españoles, aborígenes y esclavos africanos importados, determinó lo que como sociedad hemos estado siendo y lo que en la actualidad somos. De nuestro pasado, entonces, no podría excluirse las relaciones entre aquellos 'descubridores' españoles aquí llegados a partir de finales del siglo quince y aquellos africanos aquí traídos desde principios del siglo dieciséis ni aún podría ser excluido el relativamente breve contacto con aquellos 'desaparecidos' nativos.

Es obvio que en la sociedad dominicana ha existido y aún existe una estrecha relación entre etnicidad y desigualdad económica. El examen de temas como la hibridación étnica debe entonces suscitar un particular interés en este pueblo mayoritariamente mezclado.

Tal vez sea necesario recordarlo: los africanos no llegaron aquí como colonos ni con autoridad alguna; tampoco la tuvieron los nativos. Si el porcentaje mayoritario de la población dominicana actual es producto de la fusión de aquellas etnias y sus contrastantes diferencias, es entendible que para comprender el presente dominicano habría de hacerse considerando tales relaciones de origen como gestoras de nuestras realidades actuales. Probablemente, sin embargo, a causa de nuestra temprana e intensa hibridación étnica en donde participaron ibéricos en casi permanente estado de ruina económica, el fenómeno del 'encuentro de razas' haya tenido aquí menos conexión con la generación de un discrimen racial manifiesto, porque, más bien, dicho fenómeno da cuenta y explica lo relativo a nuestras desigualdades.
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jueves, 23 de julio de 2015

CIENCIA Y RAZA - SCIENTIFIC RACE

CIENCIA Y RAZA - SCIENTIFIC RACE: Blog Cientifico enfocado a difundir y desvelar los puntos referidos a la realidad racial en cuanto forma de identidad y pertenencia. votar

Human Differentiation - Evolution of Racial Characteristics

Migration and Differentiation of Modern Humans



he original Homo sapiens environment in eastern sub-Saharan Africa consisted of tropical and equatorial forests, savannahs, and riverine settings that suited their hunter-gatherer lifestyle. Over thousands of years, evolution had optimized their physical characteristics for sustained occupation of their surroundings. Their range extended from latitude 20 deg North to 35 deg South. Their heads tended to be elongated, to better support heat dissipation, and their skin, eye and hair color was likely dark, to protect against relatively high levels of UV radiation.

global cooling trend that began about 130,000 years ago caused average temperatures to drop from about 10 deg F higher than current levels to about 15 deg F lower than current levels by 70,000 years ago. During the last glacial maximum, 26,000 to 19,000 years ago, ice sheets covered much of northern Europe, northern Asia, and North America. Elsewhere during that period there were numerous mountain glaciers.

A global warming trend that began about 18,000 years ago caused glaciers to recede and brought temperatures close to current levels by 10,500 years ago. These long-term worldwide climate changes affected humidity, vegetation, sea levels and coastlines, and the distribution and abundance of animal prey.

When environmental changes caused some Homo sapiens populations to migrate away from Africa, they encountered new environments and adapted their lifestyles to suit their new-found circumstances. Expanding populations tended to maintain contact with groups they had moved away from, through tribal or family connections or for access to known resources, for example chert, flint, and certain types of wood. Over tens of thousands of years, Homo sapiens traveled tens of thousands of miles and moved into habitats ranging from arid to rain forest, from sweltering hot to frigid, from sea-level to highly elevated, and from plain to mountainous. The vast distances covered, and the encounter of physical barriers that once surmounted were unlikely to be crossed again, sometimes resulted in the practical isolation of populations.

Some populations were isolated sufficiently long in their new habitats to develop inheritable characteristics that distinguished their members from those of different provenance. Certain evolutionary trends were adaptations to the general environment. For example, in general, body size increased with decreasing ambient temperature, and skin darkness decreased with increasing latitude. Other evolutionary trends were driven by local conditions, such as humidity and winds, and by prevalent infectious diseases.

Sustained reproductive isolation of human populations exposed to differing environments led over time to the evolution of distinct human races. The Homo sapiens species came to comprise a number of races, differentiated natural human populations. The area within which a race evolved is its ecosphere. The borders of an ecosphere are either barriers of a physical type, such as seas or mountains, or zones where there is a change in environment, such as a transition from arable land to desert.
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miércoles, 22 de julio de 2015

Bone Marrow Transplants: When Race Is an Issue

                            Bone-marrow cell                                                        MedicalRF.com / Getty



t started out as an average April day, but as Dermot Tatlow drove home, he received a call that would lead to a global campaign to save his son's life. When he heard the bad news, he knew immediately what his family was up against. "I pulled over and took a deep breath," Tatlow says. "We thought we were out of the woods." Tatlow's 4½-year-old son, Devan, had relapsed. After 17 months without needing any treatment, a routine biopsy showed Devan's cancer had returned. "Our worst fears were realized," says Tatlow.
Devan would need a marrow transplant. The prospect of going through chemotherapy for a second time and needing a transplant is daunting to anyone, but it's especially harrowing if — like Devan — you're of mixed race. Multiracial patients often have an incredibly hard time finding life-saving marrow matches. When Devan, whose father is Caucasian and mother is part Indian, was first diagnosed with leukemia, his family did a search of the international marrow registry that contains over 14 million donors and came up empty. "We knew there was nothing out there for him," Tatlow says.
Compared to organ transplants, bone marrow donations need to be even more genetically similar to their recipients. Though there are exceptions, the vast majority of successful matches take place between donors and patients of the same ethnic background. Since all the immune system's cells come from bone marrow, a transplant essentially introduces a new immune system to a person. Without genetic similarity between the donor and the patient, the new white blood cells will attack the host body. In an organ transplant, the body can reject the organ, but with marrow, the new immune system can reject the whole body.
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"Indios" Blancos en América Precolombina


Tehuelches, Huarpes, Huliches, Comechingones (razas blancas de Argentina) al igual que los Charrúas (de Uruguay), son todos de la misma raza y comparten las mismas características: frente amplia e inclinada, narices prominentes y mandíbulas cuadradas y fuertes. Los Tehuelches: raza de "Indios" Blancos, fueron practicamente exterminados por los invasores amerindios Mapuche. Actualmente, los pocos que quedan de ellos estan fuertemente mestizados con Mapuche. Los Huiliche también fueron absorvidos y mestizados. Los Comechingones fueron exterminados por el Conquistador Español y los pocos que quedaron fueron incorporados fácilmente a la cultura española por ser de la misma raza blanca. En cuanto a los Charrúa, están plenamente incorporados a la cultura y sociedad uruguaya por su origen blanco. Fue muy fácil la absorción por ser de la misma raza que los conquistadores.





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sábado, 18 de julio de 2015

The reality of race, interracial relationships, and mixed children



hat you are about to read is going to go against almost everything you have been taught about race; yet it will make more sense than anything you have ever heard from any "expert" on the subject. In this post I will be discussing the realities of race, interracial relationships and mixed children. 

Before I begin, I think it is safe to assume, simply because I'm a White person and dare to even write about such taboo topics, that some of you may have already begun to judge me before even finishing this sentence. Please realize that this in itself is a form or racism and prejudice. White people are the only race today that are considered the "racist race" by all the other races of the world. This hypocrisy needs to be addressed and more White people need to learn to stand up for themselves regardless how "politically incorrect" it may be. 

Although it is not meant to, this essay may offend people; even friends of mine who I care for dearly. Offending people is not the aim of this essay, rather, it is to tell you the truth and show you how most likely you have been brainwashed to HATE anyone who speaks about the these subjects openly; ultimately making you, a bigot, supremacist, and hater. Frankly, I don't care if someone chooses to race-mix because that is their choice, however, our choices have consequences; whether they are "right" or "wrong" are based on opinion. It is in my opinion, after doing extensive research on the subject of race, that it is not beneficial for anyone to race-mix. Therefore, I feel that I cannot personally advocate it after learning the self evident truths that are found in genetic data. Furthermore, as a man of science, I am obligated to share this information with others who also seek it; despite what others may think of me and the hatred that I could receive for doing so.

Some of you may be mixed or have mix children, and feel this is an attack on you or them, but I can assure you with all my heart it is not. In no way am I implying that race-mixed people are "sub-human" or "less valuable" to society. I do not believe in "supremacy" nor do I think that any race is "superior" or "inferior". Again, these terms are opinions and nature doesn't care if you can build a castle or invent a rocket; nature is only concerned with survival of the fittest. I believe each race has their strengths and weaknesses, and this is what DNA tells us is fact. If you happen to be offended by something I say, I urge you to ask yourself "does this offend me....because its true?"....or "is what he saying false?" In either case, you should do your own research and find out. But I can assure you that the information you will read here is true because it is based on scientific fact. If you feel attacked or get angry at me for telling you the truth then that is because you can't handle it. If you feel the need to delete me from your life after this, then please do so, because I am not interested in being friends with bigots and hypocrites who preach tolerance but cannot tolerate anything that doesn't fit in their reality.
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Rinoplastia y las razas

Entre los tipos de raza hay considerables diferencias en el aspecto facial, resultantes de la forma y las proporciones del soporte esquelético, las inserciones musculares, el color y las cualidades de la piel.
Cada uno de los tres grandes grupos étnicos principales (africano, indoeuropeo, y asiático) presenta numerosas variaciones que se originaron en milenios de aislamiento geográfico y cruzamientos.

Básicamente hay 6 grandes grupos étnicos geográficamente definidos y mencionados en la literatura mundial de rinoplastia: africanos, latinoamericanos, asiáticos, mediterráneos, medio orientales y noreuropeos.

Como resultado de muchos factores entre ellos los medios de comunicación masiva,
en la actualidad se considera ideal un concepto internacional de estética, que corresponde a la raza indoeuropea. Individuos de todas las razas, en todo el mundo y con la mayor variedad de rasgos faciales desean asemejarse a este ideal estético.

Variedad de razas


En nuestro país Colombia, hay una mezcla de razas que se inició con la invasión de los españoles que pertenecen al grupo étnico mediterráneo junto con los portugueses y los italianos con características diferentes a los anglosajones, los cuales se mezclaron inicialmente con los indios nativos y posteriormente con los esclavos negros .Esto originó el llamado mestizaje y la aparición de la raza mestiza.
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Under-Represented Minorities in High School Physics

Results from the 2008-09 Nationwide Survey of High School Physics Teachers 

Susan White & Casey Langer Tesfaye

 In 2009, about 25% of Black and Hispanic high school students in the U.S. took at least one physics course prior to graduation. This is up from the 10% we saw in 1990. However, the physics-taking rate for Blacks and Hispanics is still well below the 41% of White students and 52% of Asian students who will take at least one physics course in high school. (See Figure 1.) A closer examination of the data reveals that these differences are likely driven more by socioeconomic factors than by race. 

Figure 1

Factors Affecting Educational Outcomes Research suggests that many factors affect course selection for high school students; these same factors also impact matriculation to and success in higher education and other educational outcomes. These factors include race, but race alone explains only part of the difference in educational attainment. In many research models, the race variables alone are statistically insignificant when parental education, family income, and school composition are included. This suggests that these other factors explain more of the variation in educational outcomes than race. Table 1 provides more information about a few of these studies.

 Table 1

We collect data from high school physics teachers, and we do not ask the teachers to provide information about their students’ parents’ incomes or education levels. We do, however, ask teachers and principals at public high schools to tell us about the socioeconomic status of their students in their school relative to other students in the area. 
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¿Cómo serían las princesas Disney si tuvieran proporciones físicas reales?

Acusando las distorsionadas medidas que lucen estos personajes animados en los últimos 50 años, dibujos como Jasmine (Aladino) y Elsa (Frozen) fueron modificados digitalmente.


Todo comenzó cuando la diseñadora de Buzzfeed, Loryn Brantz, vio la cinta animada Frozen (2013). "Aunque me encantó la película, estaba horrorizada de que los principales diseños de los personajes femeninos no han cambiado desde los años 60", analizó mientras comparaba el cuerpo de la reina Elsa con el de otras denominadas Princesas Disney, como Aurora (La Bella durmiente) o Bella (La bella y la bestia).
"La industria de la animación es históricamente dominada por los hombres, y creo que eso contribuye a la forma en que estos diseños se hicieron tan extremos en sus proporciones. Su cuellos casi siempre más grandes que sus cinturas!", recalcó la diseñadora.
Fue asi como Brantz decidió modificar digitalmente las proporciones de seis de las más famosas protagonistas de cintas Disney, imágenes que fueron publicadas porHuffington Post.
Su trabajo se asemeja al de la artista Meridith Viguet, quien diseñó un tutorial Disney para acusar las desproporciones en estos personajes, con ojos grandes, cuello largo y delgado y una pequeña cintura. 
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On Interracial Marriage: The Moral Status of Miscegenation


Introduction

Miscegenation, more commonly called interracial marriage, is one of the touchiest subjects about which one can speak today. There is widespread pressure, coming from both Christians and non-Christians alike, urging people towards the claimed goodness of racial diversity within marriage. For instance, John Piper contends that “interracial marriage is not only permitted by God but is a positive good in our day.”1 Similarly, secular humanist Paul Kurtz gives a more comprehensive and forthright affirmation of miscegenation when he states, “The highest good, as I see it, is intermarriage between people of different ethnicities, races, religions, and cultures.”2
Against views like these, it is rare to hear an opposing opinion today, and this is usually because any opposition to miscegenation — even saying merely that it is not a good idea — receives accusations of racism or, if the voice of opposition is a white person, white supremacy. Opposition to interracial marriage, especially if coming from a white person, is usually interpreted to entail hatred of other races. Allegedly, the only reason people would be opposed to marrying those of other races is because they have hatred or animosity for other races. It is because of this allegation that any opposition to miscegenation has been thoroughly and censoriously silenced. Despite such censoring — or perhaps, because of it — it is vital that we thoroughly understand the topic, rather than passively accepting anything with which our unbelieving culture and media might try to inculcate us.

The Historic American Opinion on Interracial Marriage

Before venturing into the subject itself, it would be profitable to understand what others, especially Christians, have thought of miscegenation. The subject is presented today as if it were quite obvious that interracial marriage is both permissible and positively good. It is tacitly assumed that everyone has thought the same way in history, except for a few evil men who thought otherwise due to racial bigotry and especially to “ignorance,” as the accusation often goes. But, shockingly enough, it is only a fairly recent view that interracial marriage should be encouraged.
While the general rarity of biracial individuals today should immediately inform us that interracial marriages are relatively new in history, it is still helpful to look into the stated opinions of men of the past. However, since little ink was spilled on the topic of interracial marriage before separate races even lived amongst each other, I will not be going back terribly far in history, just to the seventeenth century and onward.
The first set of facts which are remarkably significant is the legislation of earlier times. Legislation and criminalization are not things which just appear among a people; they require a substantive consent of the populace (or apathy). Without popular consent, laws will inevitably change. Yet, what is noteworthy here is the persistence of anti-miscegenation legislation for a very large portion of American history. One of the earliest examples of this is Virginia’s anti-miscegenation law of 1691, which forbade the marriage of whites with any non-whites. Similarly, Massachusetts forbade miscegenation by law in 1705, North Carolina in 1715, South Carolina in 1717, Delaware in 1721, Louisiana in 1724, and on and on. Some states, which were formed later in America’s history, still had sufficient popular opinion to illegalize interracial marriage even into the twentieth century, e.g. Montana in 1909. In sum, over 40 states had laws forbidding the marriage of whites with non-whites (though not all laws prohibited marriages with every type of non-white).3 This clearly shows the historic opinion of Americans on the matter.
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viernes, 17 de julio de 2015

Fenomenología del Mestizo (Violencia y Resistencia)


“Trabajar y tener alegrías en la vida es propio de los seres humanos. La actitud ladina consiste entonces en un esfuerzo por ocupar un lugar en un orden humano fuera del cual existe sólo basura”.

“Alcanzar una identidad de gente mediante el rechazo excluyente de su raíz social, es lo que la dominación ofrece, inicialmente, al ladino. No consiste tanto en que se olvide y abomine de su mezcla —usualmente nominada como mestizajes racial y cultural—, sino en que olvidando la dominación que lo discrimina y excluye, la asuma”.

“La tensión o desgarramiento que domina al ladino, su exasperación por ser sin mezcla, no se deriva tan sólo de que se le demanda renunciar a su raíz social y rechazarla, sino de que se le convoca a concretar un absoluto: una dominación sin el otro, sin mezcla”.

“El ladino, ya vimos, aspira no sólo a esta Única Cultura, sino que a su pureza. Un imposible. Las culturas, como las sangres particulares, son todas mezclas, interacciones e interdependencias. Figurativamente, toda cultura es mestiza, mezcla, tensión. Pero no toda cultura o subcultura es ladina o promueve el ladinaje. Pretender que una sociedad es ladina porque en ella están generalizados los rasgos de un mestizaje, como en Chile o México, equivale a confundir una presencia biológica difusa con la dominación de una específica sensibilidad histórica cultural. Si Chile o México constituyen sociedades ladinas es porque en ellas impera una sensibilidad de muerte. Y esta es independiente de los rasgos biológicos de sus habitantes”.

“El traspaso y confusión entre la categoría biológica de raza y su aplicación al análisis histórico ha sido un elemento recurrente en la caracterización que las élites ladinas latinoamericanas realizan de sus sociedades. Domingo F. Sarmiento hace suyo, por ejemplo, este compendio de confusiones: Si alguno duda del mal de esta mezcla de razas, que venga al Brasil, donde el deterioro consecuente a la amalgamación, más esparcida aquí que en ninguna otra parte del mundo, va borrando las mejores cualidades del hombre blanco, dejando un tipo bastardo sin fisonomía, deficiente de energía física y elemental,// El híbrido entre blanco e indio, continúa Agassiz, llamado mameluco en el Brasil, es pálido, afeminado, débil, perezoso y terco, pareciendo como si la influencia india se hubiera desenvuelto hasta borrar los más prominentes rasgos caracterizados del blanco, sin comunicarles su energía a su progenie. 
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